Python Classes and Objects







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Python Classes and Objects



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Python Classes/Objects


Python is an object oriented programming language.


Almost everything in Python is an object, with its properties and methods.


A Class is like an object constructor, or a "blueprint" for creating objects.



Create a Class


To create a class, use the keyword class:




Example


Create a class named MyClass, with a property named x:



class MyClass:
  x = 5

Run example »




Create Object



Now we can use the class named myClass to create objects:




Example


Create an object named p1, and print the value of x:



p1 = MyClass()
print(p1.x)

Run example »



The __init__() Function



The examples above are classes and objects in their simplest form, and are
not really useful in real life applications.


To understand the meaning of classes we have to understand the built-in __init__()
function.


All classes have a function called __init__(), which is always executed when
the class is being initiated.


Use the __init__() function to assign values to object properties, or other
operations that are necessary to do when the object
is being created:




Example


Create a class named Person, use the __init__() function to assign values
for name and age:



class Person:
  def __init__(self, name, age):
   
self.name = name
    self.age = age

p1 = Person("John",
36)

print(p1.name)
print(p1.age)

Run example »


Note: The __init__() function is called automatically every time the class is being used to create a new object.










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Object Methods



Objects can also contain methods. Methods in objects are functions that
belongs to the object.


Let us create a method in the Person class:



Example


Insert a function that prints a greeting, and execute it on the p1 object:



class Person:
  def __init__(self, name, age):
   
self.name = name
    self.age = age

  def myfunc(self):
   
print("Hello my name is " + self.name)

p1 = Person("John",
36)
p1.myfunc()

Run example »



Note: The self parameter
is a reference to the class itself, and is used to access variables that belongs to the class.





The self Parameter


The self parameter is a reference to the class itself, and is used to access variables that belongs to the class.


It does not have to be named self , you can
call it whatever you like, but it has to be the first parameter of any function
in the class:




Example


Use the words mysillyobject and abc instead of self:



class Person:
  def __init__(mysillyobject, name, age):
   
mysillyobject.name = name
    mysillyobject.age = age

  def myfunc(abc):
   
print("Hello my name is " + abc.name)

p1 = Person("John",
36)
p1.myfunc()

Run example »



Modify Object Properties



You can modify properties on objects like this:




Example


Set the age of p1 to 40:



p1.age = 40

Run example »



Delete Object Properties



You can delete properties on objects by using the
del keyword:




Example


Delete the age property from the p1 object:



del p1.age

Run example »



Delete Objects



You can delete objects by using the del keyword:




Example


Delete the p1 object:



del p1

Run example »




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